Aviation Terminology #2 ( J to R )
J
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Jet: An aircraft with engines capable of flying at or above the speed of sound.
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Joystick: Also known as the control column, the joystick is the main device in the cockpit for controlling the aircraft. The joystick is usually floor- or roof-mounted.
K
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Knot: A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour.
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Kph: Kilometers Per Hour.
L
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Landing: Accomplished by slowing down and descending to the runway.
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Landing Gear: The undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and may be used for either takeoff or landing.
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Lateral Seperation: The lateral spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by requiring operation on different routes or in different geographical locations.
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Longitudinal Seperation: Is the separation of aircraft following the same course at the same altitude.
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Log Book: A record of the flights that a pilot makes.
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Long-range Climb: Is the best method to save fuel during the climb.
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Long-range Cruise: Is a method that preserve fuel during cruise.
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Loss of seperation: An event in which two aircraft come too close to one another.
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Long-range descent: A descent in which the aircraft descends gradually.
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Landing Configuration: Is the arrengement of an aircraft’s equipment in which the flaps are fully extended, landing gear is down, and the spoiler is retracted.
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Landing Pattern: Is a rectangular flight path which provides a way for aircraft to transition into an airport’s space and to land smoothly.
M
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Magnetic Compass: A compass is a simple magnetic bar suspended in fluid.
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MULTICOM: A communication frequency used by pilots to communicate their flight intentions when no air traffic control facility or base operator is available.
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Mph: Miles Per Hour.
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Maneuver: Controlled moves of aircrafts to change directions.
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Maintenance: Is a process for avoiding future technical problems of the aircraft.
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Mechanical Control System: A system in which force is applied directly from the cockpit to controls.
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Mechanical Circuit: A system which uses a series of basic manual controls.
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Maximum Takeoff Mass: The maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt to take off.
N
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Nose: The front part of an aircraft.
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Negative: A proword meaning "No".
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Nautical Mile: A unit of measurement used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters.
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Narrow-body airliner: A passenger aircraft with one passenger aisle and a cabin width of 3 to 4 meters.
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Notification to Airman (NOTAM): A notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of potential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight.
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Notification to Captain (NOTOC): A form used to notify the aircraft pilot of loaded cargos and dangerous goods.
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Nosewheel: A wheel located under the nose of an airplane that is part of the plane's landing gear landing gear.
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Net Takeoff Flight Path: The vertical profile of an aircraft beyond the take-off point, giving the minimum height that will be attained by an aircraft flown in accordance with the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) following failure of the most critical power unit.
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Normal High-speed Climb: Is a method to cover more distance during the climb.
O
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Overhead Panel: Includes the cabin`s climate controls.
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Override: Is the name of the process which stops an automatic function.
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Optimum Altitude: The best aircraft cruise altitude for a given weight and corresponding air temperature.
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Overspeed Clacker Warnings: Is a warning system which shows that how you’re flying too fast.
P
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Pan: A proword indicating urgency.
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Pitch: Rotation around the side-to-side axis
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Payload: The commercial load: thus the passengers, baggage, cargo from which revenue is generated.
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Precipitation: Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds.
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Preflight: A Word which describes before the aircraft takes off.
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Pushback: An airport procedure during which an aircraft is pushed backwards away from an airport gate by external power
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Primary Instrument: An instrument that measures an unchanging factor.
Q
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Quadraplane: A type of aircraft that has four or more wings of similar spans, also known as quadruplanes.
R
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Rudder: A primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other conveyance that moves through a fluid medium (generally air or water).
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Radio Magnetic Indicator: An electronic navigation instrument that combines a magnetic compass card with two bearing pointers (typically).
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Roll: A horizontal flip, refers to the horizontal movement of an aircraft.
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Restricted: Limited to or admitting only members of a particular group or class.
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Runway Contamination: The presence of dirt, grease, rubber, or other materials on runway surfaces that adversely affect normal aircraft operation or that chemically attack the pavement surface.
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Rolling Takeoff: Is the smoothest way to get off the ground or the best way to takeoff.
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Retraction: The act of taking back an offer or statement, or admitting that a statement was false.
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Rate of Climb: Is an aircraft's vertical speed.
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Redundancy: Is the presence of more than one independent means for accomplishing a given function.
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Range Constant: It is the constant distance calculated by copilot in order to measure fuel efficiency
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Rate of Descent: The speed at which an aircraft descends.
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Rapid Depressurizations: Is when (in aircraft so equipped) a pressurized cabin reaches equilibrium with the atmosphere surrounding it.